Nilai Normal Laboratorium

Determination	Normal Reference Value
	Conventional units	SI units
Blood, Plasma or Serum
Ammonia (NH3) – diffusion	20-120 mcg/dl	12-70 mcmol/L
Ammonia Nitrogen	15-45 µg/dl	11-32 µmol/L
Amylase	35-118 IU/L	0.58-1.97 mckat/L
Anion gap (Na+-[Cl – + HCO3– ]) (P)	7-16 mEq/L	7-16 mmol/L
Antithrombin III (AT III)	80–120 U/dl	800–1200 U/L
Bicarbonate
Arterial	21–28 mEq/L	21–28 mmol/L
Venous	22–29 mEq/L	22–29 mmol/L
Bilirubin
Conjugated (direct) Total	£ 0.2 mg/dl & 0.1–1 mg/dl	£ 4 mcmol/L & 2–18 mcmol/L
Calcitonin	< 100 pg/ml	< 100 ng/L
Calcium
Total	8.6–10.3 mg/dl	2.2–2.74 mmol/L
Ionized	4.4–5.1 mg/dl	1–1.3 mmol/L
Carbon dioxide content (plasma)	21–32 mmol/L	21–32 mmol/L
Carcinoembryonic antigen	< 3 ng/ml	< 3 mcg/L
Chloride	95–110 mEq/L	95–110 mmol/L
Coagulation screen
Bleeding time	3–9.5 min	180–570 sec
Prothrombin time	10–13 sec	10–13 sec
Partial thromboplastin time (activated)	22–37 sec	22–37 sec
Protein C	0.7–1.4 µ/ml	700–1400 U/ml
Protein S	0.7–1.4 µ/ml	700–1400 U/ml
Copper, total	70–160 mcg/dl	11–25 mcmol/L
Corticotropin (ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone) – 0800 hr	< 60 pg/ml	< 13.2 pmol/L
Cortisol
0800 hr	5–30 mcg/dl	138–810 nmol/L
1800 hr	2–15 mcg/dl	50–410 nmol/L
2000 hr	£ 50% of 0800 hr	£ 50% of 0800 hr
Creatine kinase
Female	20–170 IU/L	0.33–2.83 mckat/L
Male	30–220 IU/L	0.5–3.67 mckat/L
Creatinine kinase isoenzymes, MB fraction	0–12 IU/L	0–0.2 mckat/L
Creatinine	0.5–1.7 mg/dl	44–150 mcmol/L
Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I)	150–360 mg/dl	1.5–3.6 g/L
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Female	2–13 mlU/ml	2–13 IU/L
Midcycle	5–22 mlU/ml	5–22 IU/L
Male	1–8 mlU/ml	1–8 IU/L
Glucose, fasting	65–115 mg/dl	3.6–6.3 mmol/L
Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral)
(mg/dl) (mmol/L) Normal Diabetic Normal Diabetic Fasting 70–105 > 140 3.9–5.8 > 7.8 60 min 120–170 ³ 200 6.7–9.4 ³ 11.1 90 min 100–140 ³ 200 5.6–7.8 ³ 11.1 120 min 70–120 ³ 140 3.9–6.7 ³ 7.8
(g) – Glutamyltransferase (GGT)
Male	9–50 units/L	9–50 units/L
Female	8–40 units/L	8–40 units/L
Haptoglobin	44–303 mg/dl	0.44–3.03 g/L
Hematologic Tests
Fibrinogen	200–400 mg/dl	2–4 g/L
Hematocrit (Hct)
female	36%-44.6%	0.36–0.446 fraction of 1
male	40.7%-50.3%	0.4–0.503 fraction of 1
Hemoglobin A 1C	5.3%-7.5% of total Hgb	0.053–0.075
Hemoglobin (Hb)
female	12.1–15.3 g/dl	121–153 g/L
male	13.8–17.5 g/dl	138–175 g/L
Leukocyte count (WBC)	3800–9800/mcl	3.8–9.8 x 109/L
Erythrocyte count (RBC)
female	3.5–5 x 106/mcl	3.5–5 x 1012/L
male	4.3–5.9 x 106/mcl	4.3–5.9 x 1012/L
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)	80–97.6 mcm3	80–97.6 fl
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)	27–33 pg/cell	1.66–2.09 fmol/cell
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrate (MCHC)	33–36 g/dl	20.3–22 mmol/L
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sedrate, ESR)	£30 mm/hr	£30 mm/hr
Erythrocyte enzymes
Glucose-6 – Pphosphate dehydrognase (G-6-PD)	250–5000 units/106 cells	250–5000 mcunits/cell

Determination	Reference Value
	(Conventional units)	(SI units)
Blood, Plasma or Serum: Ammonia (NH3) – diffusion	20–120 mcg/dl	12–70 mcmol/L
Ammonia Nitrogen	15–45 µg/dl	11–32 µmol/L
Amylase	35–118 IU/L	0.58–1.97 mckat/L
Anion gap (Na+-[Cl – + HCO3–]) (P)	7–16 mEq/L	7–16 mmol/L
Antithrombin III (AT III)	80–120 U/dl	800–1200 U/L
Bicarbonate: Arterial Venous	21–28 mEq/L 22–29 mEq/L	21–28 mmol/L 22–29 mmol/L
Bilirubin: Conjugated (direct) Total	£ 0.2 mg/dl (0.1–1 mg/dl)	£ 4 mcmol/L (2–18 mcmol/L)
Calcitonin	< 100 pg/ml	< 100 ng/L
Calcium: Total Ionized	8.6–10.3 mg/dl 4.4–5.1 mg/dl	2.2–2.74 mmol/L 1–1.3 mmol/L
Carbon dioxide content (plasma)	21–32 mmol/L	21–32 mmol/L
Carcinoembryonic antigen	< 3 ng/ml	< 3 mcg/L
Chloride	95–110 mEq/L	95–110 mmol/L
Coagulation screen: Bleeding time Prothrombin time Partial thromboplastin time (activated) Protein C Protein S	3–9.5 min 10–13 sec 22–37 sec 0.7–1.4 µ/ml 0.7–1.4 µ/ml	180–570 sec 10–13 sec 22–37 sec 700–1400 U/ml 700–1400 U/ml
Copper, total	70–160 mcg/dl	11–25 mcmol/L
Corticotropin (ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone) – 0800 hr	< 60 pg/ml	< 13.2 pmol/L
Cortisol: 0800 hr 1800 hr 2000 hr	5–30 mcg/dl 2–15 mcg/dl £ 50% of 0800 hr	138–810 nmol/L 50–410 nmol/L £ 50% of 0800 hr
Creatine kinase: Female Male	20–170 IU/L 30–220 IU/L	0.33–2.83 mckat/L 0.5–3.67 mckat/L
Creatinine kinase isoenzymes, MB fraction	0–12 IU/L	0–0.2 mckat/L
Creatinine	0.5–1.7 mg/dl	44–150 mcmol/L
Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I)	150–360 mg/dl	1.5–3.6 g/L
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Female Midcycle Male	2–13 mlU/ml 5–22 mlU/ml 1–8 mlU/ml	2–13 IU/L 5–22 IU/L 1–8 IU/L
Glucose, fasting	65–115 mg/dl	3.6–6.3 mmol/L
Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral) Fasting 60 min 90 min 120 min	(mg/dl) Normal Diabetic 70–105 > 140 120–170 ³ 200 100–140 ³ 200 70–120 ³ 140	(mmol/L) Normal Diabetic 3.9–5.8 > 7.8 6.7–9.4 ³ 11.1 5.6–7.8 ³ 11.1 3.9–6.7 ³ 7.8
(g) -Glutamyltransferase (GGT): Male Female	9–50 units/L 8–40 units/L	9–50 units/L 8–40 units/L
Haptoglobin	44–303 mg/dl	0.44–3.03 g/L
Determination	Reference Value
	Conventional units	SI units
Hematologic tests: Fibrinogen Hematocrit (Hct), female male Hemoglobin A 1C Hemoglobin (Hb), female male Leukocyte count (WBC) Erythrocyte count (RBC): female male Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrate (MCHC) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sedrate, ESR)	200–400 mg/dl 36%-44.6% 40.7%-50.3% 5.3%-7.5% of total Hgb 12.1–15.3 g/dl 13.8–17.5 g/dl 3800–9800/mcl 3.5–5 x 106/mcl 4.3–5.9 x 106/mcl 80–97.6 mcm3 27–33 pg/cell 33–36 g/dl £30 mm/hr	2–4 g/L 0.36–0.446 fraction of 1 0.4–0.503 fraction of 1 0.053–0.075 121–153 g/L 138–175 g/L 3.8–9.8 x 109/L 3.5–5 x 1012/L 4.3–5.9 x 1012/L 80–97.6 fl 1.66–2.09 fmol/cell 20.3–22 mmol/L £ 30 mm/hr
Erythrocyte enzymes: Glucose-6 – Pphosphate dehydrognase (G-6-PD) Ferritin Folic acid: normal Platelet count Reticulocytes Vitamin B12	250–5000 units/106 cells 10–383 ng/ml >3.1–12.4 ng/ml 150–450 x 103/mcl 0.5%-1.5% of erythrocytes 223–1132 pg/ml	250–5000 mcunits/cell 23–862 pmol/L 7–28.1 nmol/L 150–450 x 109/L 0.005–0.015 165–835 pmol/L
Iron: Female Male	30–160 mcg/dl 45–160 mcg/dl	5.4–31.3 mcmol/L 8.1–31.3 mcmol/L
Iron binding capacity	220–420 mcg/dl	39.4–75.2 mcmol/L
Isocitrate dehydrogenase	1.2–7 units/L	1.2–7 units/L
Isoenzymes Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 Fraction 5	14%-26% of total 29%-39% of total 20%-26% of total 8%-16% of total 6%-16% of total	0.14–0.26 fraction of total 0.29–0.39 fraction of total 0.20–0.26 fraction of total 0.08–0.16 fraction of total 0.06–0.16 fraction of total
Lactate dehydrogenase	100–250 IU/L	1.67–4.17 mckat/L
Lactic acid (lactate)	6–19 mg/dl	0.7–2.1 mmol/L
Lead	£ 50 mcg/dl	£ 2.41 mcmol/L
Lipase	10–150 units/L	10–150 units/L
Lipids: Total Cholesterol Desirable Borderline-high High LDL Desirable Borderline-high High HDL (low) Triglycerides Desirable Borderline-high High Very high	< 200 mg/dl 200–239 mg/dl > 239 mg/dl < 130 mg/dl 130–159 mg/dl > 159 mg/dl < 35 mg/dl < 200 mg/dl 200–400 mg/dl 400–1000 mg/dl > 1000 mg/dl	< 5.2 mmol/L < 5.2–6.2 mmol/L > 6.2 mmol/L < 3.36 mmol/L 3.36–4.11 mmol/L > 4.11 mmol/L < 0.91 mmol/L < 2.26 mmol/L 2.26–4.52 mmol/L 4.52–11.3 mmol/L > 11.3 mmol/L
Magnesium	1.3–2.2 mEq/L	0.65–1.1 mmol/L
Osmolality	280–300 mOsm/kg	280–300 mmol/kg
Oxygen saturation (arterial)	94%-100%	0.94 – fraction of 1
PCO2, arterial	35–45 mm Hg	4.7–6 kPa
pH, arterial	7.35–7.45	7.35–7.45
Determination	Reference Value
	Conventional units	SI units
PO, arterial: Breathing room air On 100% O	80–105 mm Hg > 500 mm Hg	10.6–14 kPa
Phosphatase (acid), total at 37°C	0.13–0.63 IU/L	2.2–10.5 IU/L or 2.2–10.5 mckat/L
Phosphatase alkaline	20–130 IU/L	20–130 IU/L or 0.33–2.17 mckat/L
Phosphorus, inorganic, (phosphate)	2.5–5 mg/dl	0.8–1.6 mmol/L
Potassium	3.5–5 mEq/L	3.5–5 mmol/L
Progesterone Female Follicular phase Luteal phase Male	0.1–1.5 ng/ml 0.1–1.5 ng/ml 2.5–28 ng/ml < 0.5 ng/ml	0.32–4.8 nmol/L 0.32–4.8 nmol/L 8–89 nmol/L < 1.6 nmol/L
Prolactin	1.4–24.2 ng/ml	1.4–24.2 mcg/L
Prostate specific antigen Protein: Total Albumin Globulin	0–4 ng/ml 6–8 g/dl 3.6–5 g/dl 2.3–3.5 g/dl	0–4 ng/ml 60–80 g/L 36–50 g/L 23–35 g/L
Rheumatoid factor	< 60 IU/ml	< 60 kIU/L
Sodium	135–147 mEq/L	135–147 mmol/L
Testosterone: Female Male	6–86 ng/dl 270–1070 ng/dl	0.21–3 nmol/L 9.3–37 nmol/L
Thyroid Hormone Function Tests: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroxine-binding globulin capacity Total triiodothyronine (T3) Total thyroxine by RIA (T4) T3 resin uptake	0.35–6.2 mcU/ml 10–26 mcg/dl 75–220 ng/dl 4–11 mcg/dl 25%-38%	0.35–6.2 mU/L 100–260 mcg/L 1.2–3.4 nmol/L 51–142 nmol/L 0.25–0.38 fraction of 1
Transaminase, AST (aspartate aminotransferase, SGOT)	11–47 IU/L	0.18–0.78 mckat/L
Transaminase, ALT (alanine aminotransferase, SGPT)	7–53 IU/L	0.12–0.88 mckat/L
Transferrin	220–400 mg/dL	2.20–4.00 g/L
Urea nitrogen (BUN)	8–25 mg/dl	2.9–8.9 mmol/L
Uric acid	3–8 mg/dl	179–476 mcmol/L
Vitamin A (retinol)	15–60 mcg/dl	0.52–2.09 mcmol/L
Zinc	50–150 mcg/dl	7.7–23 mcmol/L

¹ Tergantung pada usia

² Bayi dan anak sampai 104 U/L

³ Bayi usia 1 tahun sampai 6 mg/dl

Urine
Determination	Reference Value
	Conventional units	SI units
Calcium	50–250 mcg/day	1.25–6.25 mmol/day
Catecholamines: Epinephrine Norepinephrine	< 20 mcg/day < 100 mcg/day	< 109 nmol/day < 590 nmol/day
Catecholamines, 24-hr	< 110 µg	< 650 nmol
Copper	15–60 mcg/day	0.24–0.95 mcmol/day
Creatinine: Child Adolescent Female Male	8–22 mg/kg 8–30 mg/kg 0.6–1.5 g/day 0.8–1.8 g/day	71–195 µmol/kg 71–265 µmol/kg 5.3–13.3 mmol/day 7.1–15.9 mmol/day
pH	4.5–8	4.5–8
Phosphate	0.9–1.3 g/day	29–42 mmol/day
Potassium	25–100 mEq/day	25–100 mmol/day
Protein Total At rest	1–14 mg/dL 50–80 mg/day	10–140 mg/L 50–80 mg/day
Protein, quantitative	< 150 mg/day	< 0.15 g/day
Sodium	100–250 mEq/day	100–250 mmol/day
Specific gravity, random	1.002–1.030	1.002–1.030
Uric acid, 24-hr	250–750 mg	1.48–4.43 mmol

¹ Tergantung pada diet.

Drug Levels*
Drug Determination		Reference Value
		Conventional units	SI units
Aminoglycosides	Amikacin (trough) (peak)	1–8 mcg/ml 1.7–13.7 mcmol/L	20–30 mcg/ml 34–51 mcmol/L
	Gentamicin (trough) (peak)	0.5–2 mcg/ml 6–10 mcg/ml	1–4.2 mcmol/L 12.5–20.9 mcmol/L
	Kanamycin (trough) (peak)	5–10 mcg/ml 20–25 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Netilimicin (trough) (peak)	0.5–2 mcg/ml 6–10 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Streptomycin (trough) (peak)	< 5 mcg/ml 5–20 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Tobramycin (trough) (peak)	0.5–2 mcg/ml 5–20 mcg/ml	1.1–4.3 mcmol/L 12.8–21.8 mcmol/L
Drug Determination		Reference Value
		Conventional units	SI units
Antiarrhythmics	Amiodarone	0.5–2.5 mcg/ml	1.5–4 mcmol/L
	Bretylium	0.5–1.5 mcg/ml	nd
	Digitoxin	9–25 mcg/L	11.8–32.8 nmol/L
	Digoxin	0.8–2 ng/ml	0.9–2.5 nmol/L
	Disopyramide	2–8 mcg/ml	6–18 mcmol/L
	Flecainide	0.2–1 mcg/ml	nd
	Lidocaine	1.5–6 mcg/ml	4.5–21.5 mcmol/L
	Mexiletine	0.5–2 mcg/ml	nd
	Procainamide	4–8 mcg/ml	17–34 mcmol/ml
	Propranolol	50–200 ng/ml	190–770 nmol/L
	Quinidine	2–6 mcg/ml	4.6–9.2 mcmol/L
	Tocainide	4–10 mcg/ml	nd
	Verapamil	0.08–0.3 mcg/ml	nd
Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine	4–12 mcg/ml	17–51 mcmol/L
	Phenobarbital	10–40 mcg/ml	43–172 mcmol/L
	Phenytoin	10–20 mcg/ml	40–80 mcmol/L
	Primidone	4–12 mcg/ml	18–55 mcmol/L
	Valproic Acid	40–100 mcg/ml	280–700 mcmol/L
Antidepressants	Amitriptyline	110–250 ng/ml	500–900 nmol/L
	Amoxapine	200–500 ng/ml	nd
	Bupropion	25–100 ng/ml	nd
	Clomipramine	80–100 ng/ml	nd
	Desipramine	115–300 ng/ml	nd
	Doxepin	110–250 ng/ml	nd
	Imipramine	225–350 ng/ml	nd
	Maprotiline	200–300 ng/ml	nd
	Nortriptyline	50–150 ng/ml	nd
	Protriptyline	70–250 ng/ml	nd
	Trazodone	800–1600 ng/ml	nd
Antipsychotics	Chlorpromazine	50–300 ng/ml	150–950 nmol/L
	Fluphenazine	0.13–2.8 ng/ml	nd
	Haloperidol	5–20 ng/ml	nd
	Perphenazine	0.8–1.2 ng/ml	nd
	Thiothixene	2–57 ng/ml	nd
Drug Determination		Reference Value
		Conventional units	SI units
Miscellaneous	Amantadine Amrinone	300 ng/ml 3.7 mcg/ml	nd nd
	Chloramphenicol	10–20 mcg/ml	31–62 mcmol/L
	Cyclosporine	250–800 ng/ml (whole blood, RIA) 50–300 ng/ml (plasma, RIA)	nd nd
	Ethanol	0 mg/dl	0 mmol/L
	Hydralazine	100 ng/ml	nd
	Lithium	0.6–1.2 mEq/L	0.6–1.2 mmol/L
	Salicylate	100–300 mg/L	724–2172 mcmol/L
	Sulfonamide	5–15 mg/dl	nd
	Terbutaline	0.5–4.1 ng/ml	nd
	Theophylline	10–20 mcg/ml	55–110 mcmol/L
	Vancomycin (trough) (peak)	5–15 ng/ml 20–40 mcg/ml	nd nd

* Nilai yang diberikan secara umum dapat digunakan untuk terapi tanpa terjadi efek toksik pada kebanyakan pasien, Namun pengecualian juga tidak jarang terjadi.

¹ nd = data tidak tersedia.

² Metabolit N-desmethyl beserta turunannya.

³ Nilai 24 jam.

⁴ Toksik: 50–100 mg/dl (10.9–21.7 mmol/L).

Diambil dari The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, National Institutes of Health.

Classification of Blood Pressure *
Category	Reference value
	Systolic (mm Hg)	Diastolic (mm Hg)
Optimal	< 120	and	< 80
Normal	< 130	and	< 85
High-normal	130–139	or	85–89
Hypertension Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3	140–159 160–179 ³ 180	or or or	90–99 100–109 ³ 110

* Untuk dewasa berusia 18 atau lebih yang tidak dalam pengobatan anti hipertensi dan tidak dalam kondisi akut. Ketika tekanan sistole dan diastole masuk ke dalam kategori lain, maka kategori di atasnya harus dipilih untuk menentukan klasifikasi status tekanan darah penderita. Sebagai tambahan dalam menentukan stadium hipertensi, seorang praktisi medis harus menentukan ada atau tidaknya penyakit pada target organ serta faktor resiko lainnya.

¹ Tekanan darah yang optimal terhadap resiko kardiovaskular adalah dibawah 120/88 m Hg. Namun demikian, nilai rendah yang tidak wajar harus dievaluasi untuk menemukan kelainan klinis yang signifikan.

² Berdasarkan atas pembacaan sebanyak 2 kali atau lebih pada pemeriksaan awal.